Jatropha, Cassava, Algae-Future Biofuel kings.

Healthy jatropha plant with it fruits.From seedling to mature is two years ,lifespan of 35 to 40 years.

The fossil fuel pricing increased in the past 24 months. There a couple of reasons for this increase. The producers see no competition and set prices as they wish. Probably production difficulties due low reserves or high demand low supply. However, global climate change from millions of tons of CO2 into atmosphere from fossil fuel is another pressure to reduce operation and attain friendly applications and usage. The gloomy picture by climate change heightened the threat. These pressures are against fossil fuel further developments and there is generally a reduced use of fossil fuel.

Biofuel development sets in, market and usage, widespread awareness. Monopoly shaked and price dipped very low since August 2008. The competitor-Biofuel, benefitor-People. Oil producers are making lose since then while trying to scare biofuel off the stage.

The biofuel development has taken leap. First generation was food based-Food to fuel collects a lot of critics due to land clearing and changes in biodiversity, micro climate change and high food prices. Second generation, billions invested in non food land crops like grasses, jatropha. Food chain dislocation avoided but major issues of land and water use. The third generation biofuels are sustainable-not a food crop. Such include algae sequestrating CO2, minimum land use converting even waste to biofuel.
With the first generation biofuel such as from cassava, corn soya sugar cane there are impacts that needs attention. They are food based, expect related food products, other related derived products will directly increase in price. Beside high operational cost the final product price will expect high price from consumers. This cannot be affordable by consumers which makes the project not feasible and competitive. Cassava needs more land, fertilizer while it takes minimum of 6 months for maturation. Processing to biofuel will incur high operational cost either.However,PNG has so much idol lands/wasteland and as claimed to be rich we can accommodate cassava.

Cassava roots(right),very high stored energy. Tropical PNG can lead in major supplies throughout pacific biofuel market (below) is algae in photobioreactor,very potential for daily high production output with less day 7 days from culture to biomass production.This potential along can meet all PNG fuel need and surplus for outside markets.

Corn, soya beans and sugar cane have the same implications and benefits. While Oil palms have option to extract residue oil and convert them to biodiesel to reduce operational cost to maintain competition their main products.
The second generation of biofuels is non- food such as jatropha. The food debate stops here but land ,space will hang on and keep operational cost higher. In both first and second generation biofuel both do not solve climate change with CO2 emissions but adds more. When more land is cleared ,plants are removed and such CO2 is accumulated. Soil erosions, change in mineral composition and long term changes in biodiversity. However, agricultural knowledge is ours and we can solve it and go sustainable!
The third generation biofuel is more interesting. The focal focus is algae biofuel.
Current indications are very promising in algae. Improved technology with recent discoveries to very efficient low cost operations from growing algae to biofuels.

By comparison, the second and third generation biofuel is feasible for PNG. The need for fuel cannot be overemphasized. Given plenty of arable land in PNG, second generation biofuel plants like jatropha are vital. Markham valley given to bush fires and hunting rats and bandicoots could earn biofuel jobs and income for the locals and the nation. The are many benefits even from cassava from cost and benefits analysis. The cost of final products like biofuel can be reduced since a lot of by products can be derived beside biofuels.

Both will increase internal employment opportunities and increase over all economic activities. It is possible to employ more than >20 thousand employees from degree holders to planters and harvester. Increase to 20-30 thousand employees as industries increase permanent green jobs. Practically graduates recruiting will have deficit by numbers. If government wants to solve rising unemployment rate, crime and violence, poverty-go biofuel! If high violent and crime rate, social conflicts and clashes should be solved –engaged people in biofuel projects from energy farms to processing and distribution. Case studies from Nicaragua jatropha bears 30 kg fruits giving 18 kg /hour beans with two harvest times corresponding to flowering times. Study and practical hands on showed one ton equivalent to 70kg refined petroleum, 270 kg coke like char,200 kg ammonical water which can be used to fertilize the land again.
Besides, the following by products are available to the producer for other earnings.
Glycerine for high grade soap, seed cake for animal feed while cosmetics can be derived using 36% linoleic oil.
Cassava biofuel has similar benefits. However, may differ due to final product out put that may aid the main ethanol pricing. China, Brazil, Thailand and Indonesia are reported to produced 13,172 million tons ethanol from Cassava. Cassava is 25% convertible starch for bioethanol. While simple hydrolysis will yield more sugars for increased bioethanol –it has been identified as cheap affordable biomass for biofuel. China is producing one million tons bioethanol output from cassava along. Vehicles are already running on cassava bioethanol. China says it will produce local fuel to reduce foreign reliance on fuel while creating local employment for her people. Sen Yang, a professor from China Agricultural University, said in April that cassava alone could supply as much as 4 million tons of fuel ethanol in China.
Cassava has received much criticism about environmental impact basically more land and more fertilizer, more clearance but sustainable farming is the way forward. Even it incurred high operational cost and high energy input. However, there are inroads when all biomass are fully utilized such as gasification of other residues to produce electricity for on site energy use. Cassava leaves are high protein and very healthy diet ingredient that PNG market needs to develop. Residues from the processing starch can be make into feed as main carbon source, glucose syrups and other related products. Stalks and stems can be used to produce charcoals as fertilizer basically drought tolerant substitute while residue starch can be use to produce paper and textiles. It has high water holding capacity and supplies water to plant without wilting. The offset products and sustainable farming can greatly reduce biofuel price to make it competitive at the long run. Benefits are diverse .Increased employments and increased economic activities.
Jatropha has about 4 seasons per year resembling coffee. Has 30 years perennial life span. Contains 47.13 % crude fat convertible to biodiesel at 33% ,the rest accounts to inefficient extractions and transesterifion process. Easy to cultivate and grows rapidly. It has very high potential to go energy independence. Indian industries claimed 400 kg/ac/year in dry land at average. Currently India invested $480m in jatropha biofuel. At average one hectare of Jatropha yield 1500 L of biodiesel or above. Meanwhile there are many factors from yield to labor both human and machines. Current energy farms indicated positive progress that non food biofuel may conquer. Moreover, remaining cake is high in NPK ration plus other nutrients and fit for biofertilizer which proven applicable. Other major by products include adhesive from >38% protein content and cosmetic products including ingredients for soap. These make jatropha choice the choicest for green fuel revolution. PNG can benefit from diverse angles.
Algae biofuel is gaining momentum. Highest crude lipid content is 77% and median of 50%. Growth rate faster than banana shoot and ready for harvest within 120 hours or less than 7 days. Current developments from culturing –harvesting-extraction and utilization of biofuel from algae opened new window to abandon fossil fuel in the future.
There are many energy applications such as biodiesel, jet fuel, heating oil,plastics,solvents while the remaining biomass can yield methane, synthetic gas, hydrogen by gasification technologies, alcohol and methanol and fertilizer has being produced from one raw material-algae biomass.
Algae are 30-40 times more increased in growth rate, yield and production. At 0.15g/L /day oil yield would increased to 150 per 1000 L. Increasing at daily production would yield tons per day if hectares are increased. Aurora algae biofuel developer is selling $1.5 per gallon at the factory gate in USA. The cheapest ever! Origin oil, Exxon, BP and other giants have claimed to achieved similar or better outcomes while increased investments are reported. More than $6 billion has been invested since it came on notice.
Europe is to achieve 40% of all vehicle fuel from biofuel source one of which is algae. By year 2020 50% vehicle fuel would come from biofuel. Biofuel market is alarmingly great from local to international. Investments, developments and usage will be forced this is due to global climatic change. The threat by global climate change due to over 3 billion tons carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere annually.
Basically it is imperative and mandatory for PNG to involve in biofuel development since more will be emphasized on biofuel for all energy needs. It is very unwise if some one can develop biofuel from our own and monopolize local market. The choicest choice is local development to maintain local market.
Foreign investors would even wish to invest in regions where energy is cheap. With the current fuel demand increasing in the country due to rapid economic activities. Current US studies with department of energy concluded green energy jobs could create up to ten million permanent jobs. Comparatively, with more investments and developments in biofuel, PNG unemployment will be eradicated down to ten years significantly. Maintain social stability and increase living standards by margins nationwide. This is the goodness of going green. Two hundred years of going dirty fuel to self destruction can rest. The riches that once fossil fuel enjoyed will be distributed to streets and villages of PNG if we go green investments.
Depending on the carbon foot print and carbon dioxide emission and recycle, other industries can pay hefty sum such as tax to rising seal level victims. While fossil fuel developers are asked to pay, biofuels will not pay. In these centuries and beyond, fuel will not be mined but manufactured. Hundreds of years of fossil fuel gas emersions has already caused vital changes to climate, ecosystems, food chains/web, fauna and flora extinction and finally the man himself is caught within the web.

Carbon dioxide into Methanol-Singapore Scientists.

The carbon dioxide reduction is efficiently catalyzed by NHCs even at room temperature. Then hydrosilane provides hydrogen, which bonds with carbon dioxide in a reduction reaction.

Yugen Zhang, Ph.D., team leader at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research in Singapore announced through a paper in the international chemistry journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, where it was designated a “Hot Paper.” that the team activated carbon dioxide in a mild and non-toxic process to produce methanol, by using organocatalysts. The journal designated the work as a “Hot Paper.”

The team made the carbon dioxide react by using N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), their novel organocatalyst. Compared to heavy metal catalysts that usually contain toxic and unstable components, NHCs are stable, even in the presence of oxygen. That makes reactions with NHCs and carbon dioxide possible under mild conditions in dry air.

Hydrosilane, a combination of silica and hydrogen, is added to the NHC-activated carbon dioxide, and the product of this reaction is transformed into methanol by adding water through hydrolysis.
The research would be very useful breakthrough to convert global warming gas to usable product.This method can be very useful in fossil fuel like coal for power millions of tons of carbon dioxide send into atmosphere can be converted useful product-methanol.

The press release explains that organocatalysts are catalysts, comprised of non-metallic elements, found in organic compounds. NHCs such as IMes (1,3-bis-(2,4,6 trimethylphenyl)imidazolylidene) are a form of organocatalysts that are stable and easily stored. They do not contain toxic heavy metals and can be produced easily without high costs.

The team showed that only a small amount of NHC is required to induce carbon dioxide activity in a reaction. Siti Nurhanna Riduan, IBN Senior Lab Officer said, “NHCs have shown tremendous potential for activating and fixing carbon dioxide. Our work can contribute towards transforming excess carbon dioxide in the environment into useful products such as methanol.
Zhang explained the process, “Hydrosilane provides hydrogen, which bonds with carbon dioxide in a reduction reaction. This carbon dioxide reduction is efficiently catalyzed by NHCs even at room temperature. Methanol can be easily obtained from the product of the carbon dioxide reaction. Our previous research on NHCs has demonstrated their multiple applications as powerful antioxidants to fight degenerative diseases, and as effective catalysts to transform sugars into an alternative energy source. We have now shown that NHCs can also be applied successfully to the conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol, helping to unleash the potential of this highly abundant gas.”

It’s a big breakthrough, as previous efforts to reduce carbon dioxide to more useful products have required more energy input and a much longer reaction time. Previous efforts also required transition metal catalysts, which are both unstable in oxygen and expensive.

It’s not a slam-dunk into commercial use just yet, though. Ongoing research at IBN aims to find cheap alternatives for the hydrosilane reagent so that the production of methanol can be even more cost-effective for mass industrial production.

It certainly does change the perspective on the CO2 output at any facility with a noteworthy volume of CO2 available. In the U.S. for example a power plant having used the base fuel could have a means to use the CO2 effluent for supplying a methanol production substituting a hard investment with a sequestration of CO2 expense compared to an investment that generates an income.

Yet these kinds of things will be subjected to the dreadful uncertainty coming from the new U.S. EPA designation of CO2 as a pollutant. Delays are now an absolute certainty with uncertainty being the new watchword. One might think that never has government done such a dumb thing. One would think that everyone would want to endlessly recycle CO2 along with everything else on the planet and open the door wide to reducing fossil fuel use and increase available fuel and energy supplies.

Old hands at life in regulated economies know better. The EPA getting into the CO2 business is a disaster, and one of the first victims will be this caliber of innovation and creativity. Whether at the investor level, across the planetary health range or the competition in the costs of fuels are in for lots more delay, innovation stifling, and simply bureaucratic interference. But it could become a boon to those countries with enough intelligence to bypass the global warming hysteria and produce fuel with what’s at hand.

The economic framework aside this kind of technology could, if reason overtakes hysteria, generate a great deal of methanol fuel product. Methanol is good stuff, hydrogen rich and tolerable in safety and easy to transport. It’s a potent fuel source for both current combustion technology and the likely fuel cells to come. It will be interesting to see the numbers when the fossil fuel users see the income potential from using the CO2 effluent for fuel product. One hopes the environment crowd understands the importance of reusing the CO2 again.”

Algae biofuel to be commercially-ready in 3 years!

Sapphire Energy expects to double output of jet fuel and diesel to 1 million gallons by 2011, 100 million gallons by 2018, and 1 billion gallons by 2025 - all from algae.

Sapphire’s products and processes in this category differ significantly from other forms of biofuel because they are made solely from photosynthetic microorganisms, using sunlight and CO2 as their feedstock; are not dependent on food crops or valuable farmland; do not use potable water; do not result in biodiesel or ethanol; enhance and replace petroleum-based products; and are low carbon, renewable and scalable.

Breaking new Technology.OriginOil's Single-Step Extraction reduces complex harvesting processes to a single, cost-effective step.

Algae is fast emerging as the potential competitor to fossil giant. Within short time your car will be running on 50% algae biodiesel. This is possible with rapid development in Algae culturing to harvest and processing into biodiesel and residue cake into very important raw materials and products. Commercialization breakthrough at large scale is not very far , is at the door step and is already looking promising and exiciting with these new technologies.


According to Origin oil press release,the following were identified and discussed.
1stGeneration: billions invested in corn, vegetable oils, sugar cane. Caused major food supply dislocations in 2008.

2ndGeneration: more billions being invested in non-food land crops such as grasses, forestry, jatropha. Food chain dislocation avoided, but major issues of land and water use remain.

3rdGeneration: the first really sustainable biofuel:

Not a food crop.

Minimal land required.

Accepts waste, brackish, or salt water –and in the process creates clean water.

Substantial rates of CO2 absorption.

Rapid harvests, permitting industrial scale production.

Algae is the most promising 3rd Generation feedstock.

However, substantial technology barriers exist, preventing industrial scale production

The sun is nature’s renewable source of electricity.

Algae is nature’s renewable source of oil.

The key to transforming algae into a sustainable energy source is breakthrough technologies in optimizing and speeding up the process of algae growth and harvest.
Driven by rising oil prices, Kyoto protocol and global warming concerns, countries worldwide are quickly embracing petroleum alternatives such as ethanol and biodiesel, which can curb their dependence on imported oil with minimal infrastructure change. The market for a new oil is proven and expanding rapidly.

OriginOil’s breakthrough technology, based on algae, is targeted at fundamentally changing the world’s source of oil without disrupting the environment or food resources. An endless supply of this new oil can be used in many of products like diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, plastics and solvents without the global warming effects of petroleum.

Only by industrializing the manufacture of new oil can the current and future demands of global industrialization be met.

OriginOil™, Inc. is developing a breakthrough technology that will transform algae, the most promising source of renewable oil, into a true competitor to petroleum. More...

Much of the world's oil and gas is made up of ancient algae deposits. Today, the technology will produce "new oil" from algae, through a cost-effective, high-speed manufacturing process. This endless supply of new oil can be used for many products such as diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, plastics and solvents without the global warming effects of petroleum. More...
The Benefits

Other oil-producing feedstock such as corn and sugarcane often destroy vital farmlands and rainforests, disrupt global food supplies and create new environmental problems.The unique technology, based on algae, is targeted at fundamentally changing our source of oil without disrupting the environment or food supplies.Instead of drilling for old oil, we can now manufacture clean, new oil, anytime and anywhere, delivering a revolutionary breakthrough to the world.

OriginOil’s patent-pending, breakthrough technology can provide the world with an endless supply of cost-competitive and environment-friendly oil to displace petroleum.
Unlike many current approaches to algae oil cultivation, OriginOil is employing several next-generation technologies to greatly enhance algae cultivation and oil extraction, and to allow scalable industrialization of this process to make algae a high-yield, cost-competitive replacement for petroleum.
There are three primary challenges in cultivating algae for oil:

1. Algae growth is dependent on a calm fluid environment; it does not like agitation. One of the primary challenges is how to optimally introduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and nutrients needed by the growing algae culture without disrupting or over-aerating it.

2. Algae requires light as a source of energy to fuel its growth and oil production facilities. Algae cultivation systems need to cost-effectively and evenly distribute light within the algae culture.

3. Algae organisms are protected by a tough cell wall. That wall must be cracked - an energy-expensive process - to extract the oil. The challenge is to maximize oil yield by cracking as many of the algae cells as possible with the smallest amount of energy.

The Problem with Crop-Based Biofuels

A new generation of biofuels, derived from farmed crops such as corn, sugarcane, rapeseed and palm has been touted as the replacement for petroleum. But these all fall short of displacing petroleum because they require vast amounts of precious resources like water, rainforests, and farmlands. Additionally, crops like corn require a great deal of energy to turn into fuel and are less energy-rich than petroleum.

Simply put, no farmed crop can compete with petroleum. Biofuels as we know them are a dead end.

Algae Is the Ideal Replacement for Oil

A small organism, micro-algae (algae), is the natural replacement for petroleum. In fact, most of the petroleum we use today is made up of ancient algae. Algae is a highly efficient biological factory capable of taking carbon dioxide (CO2), a waste product, and converting it into a high-density liquid form of natural oil through photosynthesis.

In other words, algae turns CO2, a bad thing, directly into oil, a good thing.
Benefits
Algae is fast growing – each oil-producing cell can mature in just hours
Algae is oil-rich — contains as much as 60% of its dry weight in oil
Algae is carbon neutral – meaning that it does not affect climate like petroleum
Algae is fuel efficient – as much as 1000 times more productive than corn
Challenges of Producing Algae Oil
How to maximize light exposure for optimum growth
How to optimize CO2 absorption to maximize oil content
How to keep energy requirements low
How to make systems affordable
How to operate a highly efficient process flow

OriginOil’s breakthrough technology addresses these challenges and can enable the cost-efficient production of oil from algae to compete with petroleum.

With OriginOil, algae will fulfill its potential as the new oil.The company's technology combines electromagnetism and pH modification to break down cell walls, releasing algal oil within the cells.

Finally the Helixbioreactor development has proven very efficient is is known to efficient grow the algae for fast biomass accumulation.
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The above is a helixbioreactor developed for lab use. The pilot plant scale is large is very efficient. It is believed and is very optimistic that helixbioreactor will maintain very low operational cost and add to maintaining high productivity.

Algae Optimistic. Nanotech Algal oil extraction .

Sapphire Logo

Algae biofuels are one of the most promising, intriguing forms of renewable energy currently in development—and even already in use!

Sapphire Energy is more than a little confident of its production schedule. The company, which is working on squeezing green crude from algae for high-octane fuels and was just founded in 2007, said today that it is ramping up its production estimates to 1 million gallons of algae-based diesel and jet fuel per year by 2011 — just 2-3 years from now. In addition, by 2018, Sapphire says that it will crank out up to 100 million gallons per year. By 2025, that number will soar to 1 billion gallons per year, which would be about 3 percent of the U.S. renewable fuel standard!

Why all the bravado? The startup is one of the most well funded in the algae fuel industry, with more than $100 million raised from the likes of Bill Gates’ investment firm Cascade Investment, as well as ARCH Venture Partners, Wellcome Trust and Venrock. And so far it has tested its fuel with two commercial airlines: Continental and JAL. It’s definitely leading the pack.

But in an uncertain economic climate and at a time when the biofuel industry is struggling across the board, Sapphire’s new gameplan is aggressive to say the least. GreenFuel Technologies, the Cambridge, Mass.-based algae-producer, likely had some pretty daring production estimates until it overestimated costs, struggled to raise funding and recently cut nearly half its staff. As Martin Tobias, former CEO of biodiesel maker Imperium Renewables and now CEO of Kashless.org, said recently at our Green:Net conference, the alternative fuel market is just a numbers game, making it extremely difficult for startups to tackle.


Energy Refuge is a big fan of algae biodiesel fuel. It just seems such a wonderful way of producing energy and there are so many advantages in the process that it really is something to be hopeful about. Of course, there are economic hurdles until mass production of algae biofuel becomes economically viable. But new tech developed looked promising. The American Chemical Society has released a statement saying that “chemists reported development of what they termed the first economical, eco-friendly process to convert algae oil into biodiesel fuel — a discovery they predict could one day lead to U.S. independence from petroleum as a fuel.”

One of the problems with current methods for producing biodiesel from algae oil is the processing cost, and the New York researchers say their innovative process is at least 40 percent cheaper than that of others now being used. Supply will not be a problem: There is a limitless amount of algae growing in oceans, lakes, and rivers, throughout the world.

Another benefit from the “continuously flowing fixed-bed” method to create algae biodiesel, they add, is that there is no wastewater produced to cause pollution.

“This is the first economical way to produce biodiesel from algae oil,” according to lead researcher Ben Wen, Ph.D., vice president of United Environment and Energy LLC, Horseheads, N.Y. “It costs much less than conventional processes because you would need a much smaller factory, there are no water disposal costs, and the process is considerably faster.” The National Science Foundation funded Wen’s research.

A key advantage of this new process, he says, is that it uses a proprietary solid catalyst developed at his company instead of liquid catalysts used.First, the solid catalyst can be used over and over. Second, it allows the continuously flowing production of biodiesel, compared to the method using a liquid catalyst. That process is slower because workers need to take at least a half hour after producing each batch to create more biodiesel. They need to purify the biodiesel by neutralizing the base catalyst by adding acid. No such action is needed to treat the solid catalyst.

It is estimated that algae has an “oil-per-acre production rate 100-300 times the amount of soybeans, and offers the highest yield feedstock for biodiesel and the most promising source for mass biodiesel production to replace transportation fuel The firm is conducting pilot program for the process with a production capacity of nearly 1 million gallons of algae biodiesel per year. Depending on the size of the machinery and the plant, he said it is possible that a company could produce up to 50 million gallons of algae biodiesel annually.


Researchers at the Ames Laboratory are growing several strains of algae to test nanofarming technology that uses sponge-like mesoporous nanoparticles to extract biofuel oils from the organisms
Over the past few years, a lot of time, money and effort have been directed towards making algae a viable source of alternative fuels, on account of the fact that some people are really interested in combating global warming and in offering the world replacements for coal, oil and natural gas. However, the amounts of alternative fuel that can be extracted from plants at this point are limited by the fact that the oil can only be processed if the plant is destroyed in the process. Now, nanofarming technology could provide algae processors around the world with a very effective way of doing just that.

The new methods involve the use of mesoporous nanoparticles, which extract the oil for processing from the living plants, without the need of the latter being destroyed in the process. This would basically considerably reduce the costs associated with this industry and also provide a boost for those seeking to enter it. The sponge-like materials are capable of collecting only small amounts of oil, but their numbers will be very large. Once the collection process is completed, a catalyst will be used to produce the biodiesel.

In charge of this research is a joint venture between the Ames Laboratory, a subsidiary of the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Iowa State University. The Ames facilities collaborate with nanotechnology company Catilin for the commercialization of the innovation, under a contract known as the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement. The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, belonging to the DOE, is funding the three-year project, with a total sum of roughly $885,000.

“By combining nanotechnology, chemistry and catalysis, we have been able to find solutions that have not been considered to date. Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University offer valuable research capabilities and resources that will play a key role in this exciting collaboration with Catilin,” Victor Lin, the Chemical and Biological Science program director at the Ames Laboratory, said. “When we ultimately put together this exceptional extraction technology with Catilin's existing solid biodiesel catalyst, we will dramatically increase the reality of renewable energy. Given the Obama administration's objectives, the timing is perfect,” Larry Lenhart, who is the CEO at Caitlin, concluded.

Obama recovery plan for Renewable. Nucleus of his admin.

President Obama addressing Renewable energy recovery plan at Georgetown University,USA.

The world is moving closer and closer to losing iron grip of fossil fuel.Two hundred plus years of using fossil fuel has now borne us change in climate,flora and fauna extinctions ,ecosystems change and the food chain into which man's livihood is defined.Not one country or region is against climate change/global warming-cooling and other related environmental pollution that science indicated that man may eventually poison itself. This common platform is on which the world will be built hundred years and beyond and this is green energy revolution. Powerful countries,leaders and regions are laying down their differences to promote ,research,invest and develop green energy,green eneviroment,gren industry and green economy!

Our top story surrounds President Barrack Obama pouring plan for green energy recovery plan.



LAKEWOOD, Colorado — On Tuesday, April 14, President Barack Obama spoke to a crowd at Georgetown University about the perfect storm of economic challenges the U.S. faces and the ways in which renewable energy can help drive America's economic recovery. According to Obama, utilizing renewable energy helps secure America's energy future, and will allow the U.S. to take the lead in the 21st century, creating millions of new jobs and spawning new industries.

"I do not accept a future where the jobs and industries of tomorrow take root beyond our borders. It is time for America to lead again," Obama said.

Citing the urgency presented by the economic crisis, Obama outlined the five "pillars" upon which the country's financial future will be founded: regulating the financial industry, increased funding for education, new investments in renewable energy and technology, increased healthcare investment, and budget reduction.

"If we don't invest now in renewable energy or a skilled workforce or a more affordable health care system, this economy simply won't grow at the pace it needs to in two or five or 10 years down the road," Obama said.

Bioenergy—the nucleus of today's biomass utilization movement—is renewable energy made from any organic material derived from plant or animal matter. Biomass is an attractive petroleum alternative because it is a renewable, carbon neutral resource that is more evenly distributed over the Earth's surface than finite hydrocarbon energy sources, and may be exploited using more environmentally friendly technologies.

Biofuel around asia and world.

Biofuel processing plant.

It is now more clearer that Biofuel development will increase,10-20 years from now we may produce friendly fuel and locally. Local fuel in PNG can flood markets unless fossil fuel supplier will ensure biofuel PNG is not developed for market monopoly reasons. However, as more technology and knowledge is made available ,people will locally produce fuel in their own homes for their vehicles.

PNG Power is charging high per unit power,Water board is even increasing its fee per liter and many of the unfortunate low income earners are terribly tortured financially between high rising cost of living. Most of the expanse stems from energy related. If electricity and vehicle fuel can be known to produce who will care about fuel purchase. It is rapidly becoming clear that it is possible. If PNG government can subsidize biofuel development for the country,energy cost will remain low for all time. It is estimated that with only 10-12 % increase in biofuel production meeting the country's need may stabilized living standards of country since fuel need and yearly usage is not so huge.

However,if PNG decides to continue dance to fossil fuel we may find problems very soon when other countries are going biofuel already. What a shame and waste of money to purchase biofuel for our vehicle and machines. Expect the cost to be high.


It is reported that Valero is vying for the top post in green energy above BP. Shell is already invested in Cellulosic ethanol while Marathon in severalother ethanol companies. ExxonMobil is eying more investments in biofuels.


In Brazil, 46 percent of domestic energy is now coming from renewable sources, compared to a global average of 13 percent, according to a report from the BBC. But the Beeb reports that Brazil, facing difficulty in the approval of hydro projects, may increase its share of energy generated by fossil fuel-based electricity production from 10 percent today to 17 percent.

Jatrophabook.com has been launched as a web-based, global meeting point among different actors, giving as well visibility and assistance to small landholder. The site includes historical and real-time generation of maps based on data provided by users and collected from projects.

In the Philippines, GreenGold Ray Energies said that its research has determined that a 40% to 50% jatropha oil blend with standard diesel oil provides optimum performance without any engine modification and preheating of the blends. The company itself is preparing for the opening of its 7.41 acre jatropha demo-farm on Mindanao.


In Germany, Verbio Vereinigte BioEnergie AG announced a profit of €13.9 million on sales of €666.6 million in 2008, up from €408 million in 2007. Nearly 38 % of Verbio's ethanol production was exported, primarily to Eastern Europe. Verbio said in a statement that major improvements in ethanol trading conditions would occur after the implementation of the sustainability bill in 2011.

In Europe, the Belgian government announced a B4 biodiesel mandate will commence in July, and said that higher mandates would be implemented after infrastructure issues had been resolved. Meanwhile, the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers said that it would commence a push to develop algal biofuels by 2010, as part of an R&D ramp-up on biodiesel.

Viaspace increasing Giant King Grass production
Alternative energy company Viaspace Inc., plans to expand production of Giant King Grass, a proprietary grass feedstock that can be used to produce low-carbon biofuels, such as cellulosic ethanol, methanol and "green" gasoline. Over one million Giant King Grass seedlings were planted in the Guangdong Province of China in October 2008. The company is negotiating to lease more land and expects to have 300 acres of the cellulose-based product growing by September.


In Mozambique, the national government's Agriculture Promotion Centre said that Procana and Principle Energy are investing $710 million US dollars in the production of ethanol from sugar cane. The government approved an 30,000 hectare land grant to Procana in Gaza province and an 18,000 hectare grant in Manica province to Principle.

In the Netherlands, Shell OIl CEO Jeroen van der Veer said that biofuels will account for 7-10 percent of global fuel supply "over the next few decades".van der Veer said that Shell expects to market "commercial volumes" of next generation biofuels within the next 5-10 years. The company recently expanded an agreement with Codexis to accelerate the arrival of next-gen fuels.

In Canada,$10 million has been awarded to six sustainable projects in Saskatchewan under the provincial government's Go Green Fund. The fund provides financial assistance to Saskatchewan residents, businesses and communities that implement cost-effective green technologies and promote economic and environmental sustainability. The fund supports innovative activities and projects in the areas of ethanol production, carbon storage technology, aquatic health data, waste management and reduction, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and water quality and conservation.

British Columbia looks to generate more value from its forests.
The government of British Columbia has launched an action plan called "Generating More Value from Our Forests," which will support the development of value-added and next generation forest products within the province. The program encourages industry stakeholders, investors, researchers, governments and communities to generate more value from wood and wood residues through further manufacturing. The program also aims at increasing production capacity for value-added products and to expanding and developing next generation forest products within the bioenergy and biochemicals sectors. The government of British Columbia, Canada, recently announced it has pledged more than $32.6 million to commercialize approximately $200 million in provincial renewable energy technology projects.


The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 will have an enormous impact on the entire biomass space. Investing now in renewable energy generally, and bioenergy in particular, is crucial to revitalizing the economy and building a secure energy future. Some key provisions in the stimulus bill include:

* $43 billion for energy development, including $111 billion for infrastructure and science
* Doubling the amount of renewable energy produced by 2013
* Extending the production tax credit (PTC) for qualified biomass and municipal solid waste facilities through 2013
* A new 30 percent credit for investment in a "qualifying advanced energy manufacturing project."


WBM logoAlgae commercialization timelines and fresh perspectives on market forecasts for biofuels were among the highlights as World Biofuels Markets 2009 convened in Brussels.

Among the presentations, Origin Oil CEO Riggs Eckelberry offered an incisive look at the horizons for biofuels adoption through 2060 here. National Bioenergy Center chief Dr. Al Darzins offered a thorough overview of algae related developments, while Dr. John Benemann offered his customary cautionary notes on algae yield hype.

GIC's Rick Gilmore, Virgin Green Fund's Shai Weiss and Braemar's Bill Lese were among a strong list of presenters on financing, while Charlotte Opal presented an overview on the Roundtable of Sustainable Biofuels as it moves from Version Zero of its sustainability principles to a fully-fledged release of production guidelines.

Iran going Biofuel

There are more than 50 registered companies for biofuel or bioenergy developers/producers/manufactures in US and huge number of investors and developers are rapidly growing world over.

Iran, one of the fast developing nation in the Fossil rich region is to establish ethanol production by 2010

The head of the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company, Ali Ameri, said that the country will commence production of ethanol from the 17.86 million tons of crop waste. He said that a project start-up is expected by July, with production commencing in 2010.
The announcement comes after the Iranian parliament voted against establishing subsidies for imported oil, and requiring imported fuel to be sold at market price.

With the increasing warning against climate change,rogue regimes are even cooperating to go biofuel promotion and productions.

Meanwhile,the International Energy Agency’s IEA Bioenergy issued a new report concluding that GHG reductions will grow over 100% from the use of ethanol between 1995 and 2015, and offered projections on overall GHG reductions from ethanol use through 2015.

The competition,interest and investment are rapidly increasing in favor of biofuel developments while economic crises have scared of more than 13% of the developers and have written for bankruptcies.

Interest still grows from all across the world.One of such is the Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize, which offers a $10 million prize to vehicles that achieve greater fuel economy than 100 miles per gallon, announced its list of 111 registrants. The competition will commence in May 2010 and will include a long-distance stage competition. Teams using E85 ethanol, biodiesel and biobutanol are among registered competitors. This and others are boosting race for new era of fuel development.
If the economic crises be soon end,expect more developers and producers to come on the stage.Eventually the next generation will be biofuel. Not one single region in the whole globe has no biofuel development,without over emphasizing,biofuel development is now imperative according to expects. All countries should by a time produce biofuel and trade biofuel. The time fossil fuel must leave the stage is numbered,with the deteriorating climatic conditions,it has already have serious responses from world over.

How long and when will algae be commercially available?

Algae harvesting,dewatering and drying technology like this may become more commercial machine for algae biofuel industries in the future.The currentsuch as by Petroalgae reviews indicating 50 grams/square meter/day continuous culture,harvesting,drying and producing biofuel can lead to marginal output per year production making algae a potential competitor for fuel price stabilization and control/demand and consumption.

The algae industry is getting there – growing, harvesting, separating and converting to useful oils is nearing completion and the ideas are proving up nicely, which should trigger competition in ideas for the process steps in controlling production costs.

Lots of claims have been made over the years for algae energy efficiency: Some experts say each acre given over to algae cultivation could theoretically produce the equivalent of thousands of gallons of oil per year, compared with an estimated yield of 18 to 335 gallons of ethanol per acre for traditional biofuel crops. Others claim that algae-growing systems could be tweaked to yield as much as 100,000 gallons per acre annually.
There are four important steps in the production of algal biofuels: growing the algae, harvesting the crop, separating the oil, and refining the oil to useful fuels. Each step in the process is the focus of intense study by scientists, engineers, and technologists across the developed world. We have already seen a very significant breakthrough in harvesting and drying of algae.

Technologists tend to overestimate what can be accomplished in two years and underestimate what can be accomplished in ten to twenty years. Algae as biofuel looks more like a ten to twenty year project. DARPA is betting on three to five years, VCs are betting on three to five years, the algae roadmap from DOE takes a decade.
A better method of making fuel from algal oil has got a lot of biofuel analysts excited;

"This is the first economical way to produce biodiesel from algae oil," according to lead researcher Ben Wen, Ph.D., vice president of United Environment and Energy LLC, Horseheads, N.Y. "It costs much less than conventional processes because you would need a much smaller factory, there are no water disposal costs, and the process is considerably faster."
A key advantage of this new process, he says, is that it uses a proprietary solid catalyst developed at his company instead of liquid catalysts used by other scientists today. First, the solid catalyst can be used over and over. Second, it allows the continuously flowing production of biodiesel, compared to the method using a liquid catalyst.

A continuous process using solid catalyst is potentially more efficient and productive, compared to batch processing. Also more scalable.

Currently, producing biodiesel from algal oil costs about $20 a gallon. But with all the attention being given each of the multiple steps in the fuel production process, some producers are projecting production costs as low as $1.50 a gallon. If costs drop that low within the next 10 years, algal biodiesel will begin to place an effective ceiling on the costs of petrol diesel. It will take time to scale up production

Biomass and energy. Biofuel today and future.

More than 90% of Papua New Guineans live in DARKNESS. Power supply is limited and very expensive even though power source is hydro.

Power is the vital ingredient for development, now without it more people are poor in this resource rich country. Knowledge of alternative technology for energy is is non existent.Poverty sets in and huge migration into little towns and cities is causing havoc .Increasing crime and violence and other social disorder are due to overlooking important factors of this 21st century.Now the world is talking alternative clean energy,PNG without proper knowledge may face serious consequences.Meanwhile few new viable bioenergy options are becoming attainable these days with cheap sustainable biomass from which energy can be produced for rural developments.
Biomass based gasifiers for electricity is viable. Fast growing weeds can be fed to the gasifiers and run diesel engine generators for enough electricity for a huge population in a given locality.
When such opportunity is available , micro enterprises will sprout, farmers will grow their produce may it be live stock,farm produce and improve their diets,increase earnings and proactively become productive . This will directly improve national economy!

Again the concept of identify biomass,efficient,sustainable and viable for rural and small town size development.Viability of the industry is money transfer, when money is around it creates employment. People are settled ,industrious and creative. This is DEVELOPMENT.

US and EU has marked the coming centuries and beyond as time for biofuel, clean energy ,environmentally clean energy. The increase in fuel usage in EU is expected to exceed more than 30-40% about five years from now. US has increased its various biofuel production and will increase so given the Obama administration budget of $15 billion per year and expected to substituted fossil fuel to high proportion.

Given the climate change agenda, and worldwide awareness to reduce fossil fuel related energy and the predicted climate into the future it is likely that biofuel production will increase.
Maybe twenty years into future biofuel will be used as fossil fuel, the next generation will not taste fossil fuel and will addict to processing and using biofuel.
Twenty years fossil fuel production may be lowered and biofuel increased, again the question of which biofuel source is efficiently viable.

Again with increasing algae technology for algal biofuels, would algae make post fossil life possible? This is a question that cannot be optimistically argued. Today algae still remain the best option, the rapid technology for algal biofuel may open new ,more efficient route to lower operational cost for high profit organisation,affordable and sustainable.
Jatropha is another rising fuel star,a good quantity may be taken by this source given the rising technologies,agronomy and efficiencies. These and others are currently some of the best known reliable non food feed stock for clean energy.
Our/mine current studies are prevailing that biogas by anaerobic digestion from algae waste after crude lipid extraction may attached to the processing will meet more than 40% energy expanse making it more viable ,competitive and sustainable.

All in all, biofuel generally has now seem to meet the fossil fuel head to head collision. Our recent experience showed that price control is within the power of biofuel to control for the benefit of maintaining goods and services prices lower.

Basically, foreign fluctuations in fossil fuel prices and its impact can be kept at bay and directly develop into fuel independent.